METODE PENGUSANGAN CEPAT UNTUK PENGUJIAN VIGOR DAYA SIMPAN BENIH CABAI
(Capsicum annuum L.)
Accelerated aging methods for seed vigor testing in relation to storability of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed
Abstrak
Kemampuan benih mempertahankan mutu selama periode simpan pada waktu tata niaga benih disebut daya simpan benih. Daya simpan benih ditentukan oleh vigor benih. Pengembangan metode pengujian vigor benih cabai penting untuk menduga daya simpan benih selama proses tata niaga benih dan pemasaran. Benih yang digunakan adalah benih cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB C9 koleksi Bagian Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) yang baru dipanen. Metode percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan satu faktor yaitu metode pengujian vigor benih. Metode pengujian vigor benih yaitu (1) metode deteriorasi alami (natural deterioration) pada suhu kamar (metode standar) dengan RH terkontrol (90-95%) dan empat metode pengusangan cepat yaitu (1) metode pengusangan cepat dengan air panas 60ºC, (2) metode pengusangan cepat dengan larutan metanol 20%, (3) metode pengusangan dengan larutan etanol 20%, dan (4) metode pengusangan cepat suhu 40°C. Pemilihan metode terbaik diseleksi melalui analisis uji F, koefisien keragaman, analisis regresi dan uji T. Berdasarkan keempat analisis tersebut dihasilkan metode pengusangan cepat dengan larutan metanol 20% dengan periode waktu 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 jam adalah metode terbaik untuk pengujian vigor benih cabai khususnya daya simpan benih cabai.
Kata kunci : deteriorasi, pengusangan cepat metanol, etanol, dan suhu tinggi.
ABSTRACT
Accelerated aging methods for seed vigor testing in relation to storability of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed
The ability of seed to maintain seed quality during storage is called seed vigor. Selection method for seed vigor testing of pepper seeds is necessary to determine for seed vigor testing in relation to seed storability during the process of marketing and distribution. Seeds were used were species genotype of IPB C9, which is the freshly harvested from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) collection of the Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). The design for the experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) single factor with the treatment for the seed vigor testing methods. Seed vigor testing methods are natural deterioration test at room temperature in controlled humidity (RH 90-95%) compared to 4 Accelerated aging (AA) methods using hot water (60ºC), methanol 20%, ethanol 20% and termperature test at 40ºC. The best method was selected using analysis of variance, coeficient of variance, regresion dan t student analysis. Based on these analysis is was found that AA methods using methanol 20% and time periods of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours, was the best method to determine for seed vigor testing in relation to seed storability of pepper seed.
Keywords: deterioration, accelerated ageing methanol, ethanol ,and high temperature